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Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Ethanol Extract of Feretia Apodanthera Delile Root Bark and its Fractions and Identification of Their Bioactive Components

Oluwayinka Olufunmilayo Owolabi, Dorcas Bolanle James , William Chintem, Peculiar Okoro

Recent research using standard inflammation models have provided the evidence that Feretia apodanthera possess potent anti-inflammatory activities. Feretia apodanthera del. is used by traditional healers in some part of the world such as Nigeria to treat infective wounds and wound healing has been linked with acute inflammation via biochemical mediators. In this research the active components responsible for the anti-inflammatory effect of Feretia apodanthera, a plant from the family Rubiaceae, was determined. The root of the plant was collected from its natural habitat; the bark was scraped out, homogenized and a crude ethanol root bark extract was prepared. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the ethanol extract was determined and its fractions were obtained by subjecting the extract to thin layer and column chromatography. The anti-inflammatory activity of the fractions of the ethanol extract was determined using carrageenan induced right hind paw edema of albino rat model. The most potent ethanol fractions were analysed using FTIR and GCMS to determine their bioactive components. The lethal dose (LD50) of the ethanol extract was found to be greater than 5,000 mg/kg body weight showing relative safety; nine column chromatography fractions were obtained from the extract. Of all the fractions, 5, 8 and 9 were found to be most effective against carrageenan induced edema. The FTIR analysis in the most effective fractions showed the presence of functional groups possessed by ketones, carboxylic acids, alkanes, amines, ethers, ethenes and aromatic groups. The GCMS analysis of the fractions showed the presence of 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl esters and its derivatives as well as other compounds that are of anti-inflammatory effect such as corticosteroids and tetracosanol.