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Glycemic Control and Associated Factors among Type II Diabetic Patients on Chronic Follow up at Southwest Ethiopia

Bayisa B, Bekele M

Background: Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders that affect the body’s ability to process and use glucose for energy. Type-II diabetes mellitus results from the combination of resistance to insulin action and inadequate insulin secretion. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases among adults. Good glycemic control reduces the risk of diabetic complications. Despite this, achieving good glycemic control remains a challenge in diabetic patient. Objective: Purpose of our study was to assess glycemic control and associated factors among type II diabetic patients on chronic follow-up at Jimma Zone, Southwest Ethiopia. Materiald and methods: Hospital-based cross sectional study design was conducted. Patients’ information such as socio-demographic characteristics, medication adherence was obtained through interviews. Structured questionnaire was used for patient interview and card reviews from February to March 2017. A total of 174 patients with type II diabetes were included for the final analysis using SPSS 20. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: Mean age of participants was 50 (SD ± 14.83). Among the total study participants, 54% were males. About 66 (37.9%) of study participants were illiterate. Among study participants 72 (41.4%) earned low monthly income. Mean duration of diabetes is 2.19 (SD ± 0.87) years. The proportions of patients with low, medium and high adherence to medication were 23.6%, 35.6% and 40.8%, respectively. About 63.8% had poor glycemic control level. The factors which are statistically associated with poor glycemic control were educational status (COR=3.656, P=0.002), low monthly income (COR=3.682, P=0.010) and longer duration of diabetes (COR=1.820, P=0.003), lack of regular follow-up (COR=3.456, P=000), lack of family support (COR=2.885, P=0.002). Conclusion: Longer duration (>10 years) of the disease, having low monthly income, and lack of regular follow up were significantly associated with poor glycemic control.