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Assessment of Serum Interleukin-18 Level as a Risk Predictor of Metabolic Syndrome: Case-Control Study

Soha Ezz El-Din Younes, Seham Ahmad Omar, Basma Badr Hassan, and Hamdy Ahmad Sliem

Metabolic syndrome is a multiplex risk factor accompanying abnormal adipose deposition and function. It is associated with a chronic, low-grade inflammation. Several pro-inflammatory cytokines have been shown to be elevated in parallel with an increasing number of components of the syndrome, whereas the anti-inflammatory and adipocyte-specific substance adiponectin is consistently lower. Increasing levels of circulating IL-18 have been reported to be closely associated with the components of metabolic syndrome and to predict type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular events, and mortality. to assess serum level of IL-18 metabolic patients compared to premetabolic patients and healthy subjects. It was conducted on 25 metabolic syndrome patients, 25 pre-Metabolic syndrome patients, and 25 normal persons. IL-18 was significantly higher in both pre-metabolic and metabolic groups in comparison to the control one and still lower in pre-metabolic than the metabolic. Concentrations of IL-18 was significantly positively correlated with waist circumference, blood pressure , fasting blood sugar and negatively with HDL level in both metabolic and premetabolic groups. A cut off value of > 210 pg/dL provided 92.0% sensitivity and 88.0% specificity for patients with pre-metabolic syndrome. While a cut off value of > 250 pg/dL provided 72.0% sensitivity and 96.0% specificity for diagnosis of patients with metabolic syndrome. IL-18 has been be elevated in subjects with the metabolic syndrome and to increase in parallel with an increasing number of components of the syndrome. Its level can be used as an additional predictive risk factor for development of pre-metabolic and metabolic syndrome.