抽象的

Role of Interactions Among Host Plants, Parasitic Plants, and Plant-Parasitic Insects in Host Plant Invasion

Amanula Yimingniyaz*

During long-term evolution, host plants, parasitic plants, and plantparasitic insects have formed complex and diverse relationships based on mutual adaptation. Studying the interactions among these three trophic levels can provide new insights into the communication mechanisms and ecological functions among them, and offer important theoretical guidance for ecological security. This paper has summarized the interactions among the three trophic levels, focusing primarily on the parasitic relationship between host plants and parasitic plants, the parasitic relationship between parasitic plants and plant parasitic insects, and the indirect relationship between host plants and plant parasitic insects. It has elaborated on the impact of these three interactions on biological invasion and summarized the theoretical hypotheses related to parasitic relationships. The shortcomings of this research have been highlighted and future research directions have been identified to provide a reference for biological control research.