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AFLP: An Efficient Molecular Fingerprinting Technique (A review work)

Urmi Roy and Ushri Roy

The chemical structure of DNA is the same in all organisms. But the order of the base pairs differs in different organisms and even within varieties. There is a difference in sequence of the bases in DNA of a specific sample. Using these sequences, every specimen could be identified solely by the sequence of their base pairs. DNA Fingerprinting (also called DNA testing, DNA typing or DNA profiling) is a technique used to distinguish between different species and also between individuals of the same species. DNA fingerprinting therefore involves the display of a set of DNA fragments from a specific DNA sample. Most DNA fingerprinting techniques involve the use of PCR for detection of fragments. The choice of what particular fingerprinting technique to use, is dependent on some factors. These are DNA typing, DNA marker mapping and the organism under investigation e.g. prokaryotes, plants, animals, humans. AFLP technique has been extensively used with plant DNA for the development of high-resolution genetic maps. Its application is expanding for determining genetic relationships and for epidemiological typing in bacteria provides a rapid and higher eukaryotes. AFLP marker is dominant in nature and provides rapid solution. This review describes the AFLP applications in the molecular fingerprinting of DNA from different plant genotypes.